systematic and widespread corruption; a problem in russia’s transition period

The Corruption of Transition

A political economic framework is used to describe an economy following transition to private ownership. The transition, characterized by massive privatization, is accompanied by a constitutional change, which is influenced by potential shareholders who may be described as the local entrepreneur, the corrupt entrepreneur, or the foreign entrepreneur. The constitutional changes influence the pri...

critical period effects in foreign language learning:the influence of maturational state on the acquisition of reading,writing, and grammar in english as a foreign language

since the 1960s the age effects on learning both first and second language have been explored by many linguists and applied linguists (e.g lennerberg, 1967; schachter, 1996; long, 1990) and the existence of critical period for language acquisition was found to be a common ground of all these studies. in spite of some common findings, some issues about the impacts of age on acquiring a second or...

Corruption during the Economic Transition in China

In the spring of 1989, university students, joined later by workers, civil servants and journalists, held massive demonstrations in the Tiananmen Square in Beijing. The demonstrators had two prominent demands—democratic reforms and an end to corruption. Despite the apparent success of the economic reform in rapidly raising the standards of living for the vast majority of Chinese, by the late 19...

The Determinants of Corruption in Transition Economies

This paper examines the determinants of corruption in transition economies. We found that the progress of structural reform, comprising marketization, rule of law, and democratization had a crucial impact on the extent of corruption control in former socialist countries.

passivity in waiting for godot and endgame: a psychoanalytic reading

this study intends to investigate samuel beckett’s waiting for godot and endgame under the lacanian psychoanalysis. it begins by explaining the most important concepts of lacanian psychoanalysis. the beckettian characters are studied regarding their state of unconscious, and not the state of consciousness as is common in most beckett studies. according to lacan, language plays the sole role in ...

Corruption in healthcare: a problem in Germany, too.